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Conan Doyle for the Defense: How Sherlock Holmes's Creator Turned Real-Life Detective and Freed a Man Wrongly Imprisoned for Murder, by Margalit Fox
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Review
“A wonderfully vivid portrait of the man behind Sherlock Holmes . . . Like all the best historical true crime books, it’s about so much more than crime.”—Tana French, author of In the Woods “Artful and compelling . . . [Fox’s] narrative momentum never flags. As a result, Conan Doyle for the Defense will captivate almost any reader while being pure catnip for the devotee of true-crime writing.”—The Washington Post “Developed with brio . . . [Fox] is excellent in linking the nineteenth-century creation of policing and detection with the development of both detective fiction and the science of forensics—ballistics, fingerprints, toxicology and serology—as well as the quasi science of ‘criminal anthropology.’”—The New York Times Book Review “[Fox] has an eye for the telling detail, a forensic sense of evidence and a relish for research.”—The Wall Street Journal“Gripping . . . The book works on two levels, much like a good Holmes case. First, it is a fluid story of a crime. . . . Second, and more pertinently, it is a deeper story of how prejudice against a class of people, the covering up of sloppy police work and a poisonous political atmosphere can doom an innocent. We should all heed Holmes’s salutary lesson: rationally follow the facts to find the truth.”—Time“Splendid . . . The ingredients are too good to pass up: a famous detective novelist actually playing detective, a man serving time for a murder he did not commit, and a criminal justice system slowly, and reluctantly, reckoning with the advent of forensic science.”—Sarah Weinman, The New Republic“Entertaining.”—Newsday “Expertly constructed, this work will appeal to Conan Doyle fans and is ideal for all true crime collections.”—Library Journal (starred review)“[Margalit] Fox . . . does her own detective work in unpicking the opposing personalities and careers of her protagonists. . . . Like a good murder mystery, Conan Doyle for the Defense is a fast-paced read that twists and turns with the panache of a Holmes short story.”—The Times “Fox shows the new system of forensic science, as typified by Doyle’s great creation Sherlock Holmes. . . . She wants us to see that the racialisation of crime is nothing new: bad science and economic insecurity have long been responsible for creating ‘out groups’ on whom we dump our worst terrors.”—The Guardian “Fox expertly frames the case of Oscar Slater as another example of scapegoating. . . . If you are a Holmes devotee, you will love watching his creator take apart a flimsy criminal case through reason and meticulous examination of the evidence.”—The Seattle Times “Fox’s engrossing book brings his case back to vivid life and highlights the part played in it by the creator of the world’s most famous detective.”—The Daily Mail “Absorbing . . . Fox demonstrates her eye for the telling detail and her innate sense of pacing and suspense. . . . At a time when bias can and does still land innocents in jail, the relevance of the Slater case remains all too clear.”—The Jewish Week “Riveting.”—The National Book Review
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About the Author
A retired senior writer at The New York Times, Margalit Fox is considered one the foremost explanatory writers and literary stylists in American journalism. As a longtime member of the newspaper’s celebrated Obituary News Department, she has written the front-page public sendoffs of some of the leading cultural figures of our age. (Conan Doyle for the Defense is in many ways a fond belated obituary—for the long-overlooked Oscar Slater, an immigrant Everyman treated inexcusably by history.) Fox’s previous book, The Riddle of the Labyrinth, won the William Saroyan Prize for International Writing. She lives in Manhattan with her husband, the writer and critic George Robinson.
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Product details
Paperback: 384 pages
Publisher: Random House Trade Paperbacks; Reprint edition (June 25, 2019)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0399589473
ISBN-13: 978-0399589478
Product Dimensions:
5.2 x 0.8 x 8 inches
Shipping Weight: 10.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.2 out of 5 stars
65 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#1,420,744 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is known to most of us as the author of the sixty Sherlock Holmes tales. But Conan Doyle was a truly remarkable man in many other ways as well. He was an accomplished physician specializing in ophthalmology. He was knighted not because of his writing talent but because he had performed heroic service for the Crown in the Boer War. During World War I, "he busied himself . . . in creating what became a nationwide network of two hundred thousand civilian reservists, who stood ready to defend the home front." And he brought to bear the same "scientific detecting" skills he had written about in the Sherlock Holmes stories in two high-profile court cases—two of the most notorious miscarriages of justice in Edwardian Britain.The advent of scientific detectingThe case at the heart of Margalit Fox's riveting new book, Conan Doyle for the Defense, "involved a patrician [murder] victim, stolen diamonds, a transatlantic manhunt, and a cunning maidservant who knew far more than she could ever be persuaded to tell." An innocent man was convicted of the crime in 1909. Conan Doyle's on-and-off efforts to free him spanned nearly two decades. He succeeded at length "with little more than minute observation and rigorous logic" in a truly Holmesian display of scientific detecting. Oscar Slater's conviction had been the result of prosecutorial misconduct, a biased judge, suppressed and altered evidence, and the "anti-Jewish bigotry [that] permeated nearly every aspect of British life" in the Edwardian era. The case became known as the Scottish Dreyfus Affair. "'Many of the methods invented by Conan Doyle'" and put to work in his defense of Oscar Slater "'are today in use in the scientific laboratories'" employed in law enforcement, as Fox notes, quoting a true-crime writer of the 1930s.Scientific detecting does not employ deductive reasoningIn this deeply engaging book, the author brings to light a fascinating perspective on the logic that Holmes (and Conan Doyle himself) brought to bear in solving a case. It was not deduction. Nor was it induction. Instead, it was the much less well-known phenomenon of abduction, or abductive reasoning. For example, given the rule "All serious knife wounds result in bleeding" and the observed result "There was bleeding," the abductive conclusion would be that "This was (likely to have been) a serious knife wound." By contrast, if a rule had it that "All serious knife wounds result in bleeding," then deductive reasoning would lead one to conclude that "There was bleeding." Even though Holmes himself often describes his method as deductive, he instead "reasoned backward" using abductive reasoning rather than using straightforward deductive logic. Think of "the dog that didn't bark in the night."Criminology vs. criminalisticsConan Doyle's efforts to free Oscar Slater came at a time when police methods were dominated by what was known at the time as "criminology." This was not the modern interdisciplinary field we know today under that name but a Victorian-era concept that criminal behavior was innate and could be detected simply by observing the physical characteristics of an offender. "Where criminalistics, rooted in real science, would focus on the crime scene, criminology focused on the criminal [using such methods as phrenology]. Like many intellectual enterprises of the period, it was inspired by Darwinian theory . . . Darwinianism of the darkest kind." In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, fingerprinting was in use only in Buenos Aires, Calcutta, New York City, and perhaps a handful of other cities. Of course, it was a century later before DNA came into wide use as a crime detection tool. In that sense, a century passed between Conan Doyle's defense of Oscar Slater and the advent of genuine scientific detecting.The "flesh-and-blood progenitor of Sherlock Holmes"Conan Doyle had studied medicine at the renowned University of Edinburgh under a legendary diagnostician, Dr. Joseph Bell. Bell was the "flesh-and-blood progenitor of Sherlock Holmes." The man's ability to suss out a wealth of facts about anyone he encountered, simply by looking them over, was uncanny. In the Sherlock Holmes stories, the detective routinely demonstrates the same extraordinary ability. Under Bell's tutelage, Conan Doyle himself acquired similar skill in understanding the importance of seemingly inconsequential details. And he put that skill to work in helping prove the innocence of two men who had been railroaded by British police and court officials.
The reader might be forgiven for constantly checking to be sure that this is a non-fiction (it is) because the story is so incredible and so well written by Fox that it could easily have been another Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes stories. This book, in fact, is a retelling of the true story of a German Jew who arrived in Scotland to start a new life under a new name – Oscar Slater – only to be accused of murder. Oscar Slater was an easy target for the law to make a convenient scapegoat. He was a tramp and suspected of pimping the woman he claimed was his mistress. When a rich and elderly woman named Marion Gilchrist was found murdered, Oscar Slater was swiftly identified as the suspect. A brooch was missing from Gilchrist’s home; a brooch was found in Slater’s home. The police thought the case was closed, only to be told later that that was not the Gilchrist brooch. As the author rightly repeated the question asked by Conan Doyle, why then did the police continue its investigation with Slater as the main suspect? The rest of the incredulous tale is best left to the reader to discover. It is sufficient to say that Slater was found guilty of Gilchrist’s murder and was serving life imprisonment after a commuted death sentence when he smuggled a note through a fellow prisoner who was released after his sentence had been served. It was almost 20 years when that note, was delivered to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, with a plea for help. Doyle did not disappoint. The book traversed the crime as it happened, Slater’s arrest and trial, and the efforts to prove his innocence. Did Doyle succeed? Was there a twist at the end? The story has many amazing turns of events – all the way to the end. As good as any Sherlock Holmes mystery.
Being an enormous fan of the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and a published Sherlock Holmes author, anything about the man who created the legend arouses my immediate attention. I have read of the times that Mr. Doyle helped with cases, but never to the depth that was covered in the book. It was comprehensive, without being wordy, gave backstory without dredging on, told of events without superfluous content.It was a well crafted tale that wa well paced and kept you intrigued until the finish of the tale. I am a fiction writer, but even I can appreciate the sheer amount of work that had to be done to write this novel, the thousands of articles of information that had to be condensed into a concise accounting of events.This was indeed, very well done. If you are interested in history, or are a fan of the Great Detective and the man who brought him to life, you will be pleased with this novel.Edit:Thank you, Margalit E. Fox, very much for taking the time to reply. I in no way tried to imply that this was anything less than a real event narrative in the life of Conan Doyle. I apologize if it came across that way, or if anyone who read my review felt it was thus implied.You have done an exhaustive amount of research and I can only imagine the task it was to consolidate so much information into this book. I thank you for making this available for us fans of Conan Doyle. I myself as a Sherlock Holmes author, still found fresh information in this about Conan Doyle that I had not known.If you would ever wish to collaborate on a Sherlock Holmes story, it would be an inestimable privilege.
The first third of this book is hopeless repetition. The author adds a bit of new information to a chapter and surrounds it with information previously covered. Then, quite suddenly, the story picks up speed and clarity and becomes the anticipated tale! Wonderful photographs are also included. 2.5 stars for the first third of the book and 5 stars for the final 2/3 = my 4 star rating.
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