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The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime, by Adrian Raine
PDF Ebook The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime, by Adrian Raine
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Review
Praise for Adrian Raine's The Anatomy of ViolenceA New Scientist Best Book of 2013Winner of The Athenaeum of Philadelphia's Annual Literary Award“Provocative. . . . [Raine] makes a good case that certain genetic, neurological, and physiological factors do predict violent behavior. . . . He argues, convincingly, that . . . benign and relatively cheap interventions could have huge social benefits.”—New York Times Book Review“Well-written and engaging. . . . Mr. Raine reminds us of all the interesting things we do know about genes, brains and the environment that can tilt someone toward anti-social behavior. . . . A good read. What makes it something more is Mr. Raine's contention that violence is a public-health issue and that this forces upon society some uncomfortable ideas about possible interventions.”—The Wall Street Journal“Lively, engaging. . . . A convincing case that violent criminals are biologically different from the rest of us. . . . [Raine] has the research at his fingertips—not surprising, since he carried out much of it—and makes a compelling case that society needs to grapple with the biological underpinnings of violent crime just as vigorously as the social causes, if not more so.”—New Scientist“Anyone who truly seeks an answer to questions about nature vs. nurture should read Raine’s book. The Anatomy of Violence includes many interesting studies, with provocative findings. He also raises important philosophical questions about what we could, and perhaps should, do with what we’re learning.”—Psychology Today“Readable, and at times controversial. . . . [The Anatomy of Violence] is worth reading by anyone who has an interest in violence and criminal behavior, not because it provides definitive answers, but for its value in setting the stage for ongoing thought and discussion.”—Washington Independent Review of Books “Are ‘criminal tendencies’ hard-wired or acquired? . . . Psychologist Adrian Raine argues the biological case, marshalling swathes of findings and case studies of murderers and rapists. . . . Provocative and bristling with data.”—Nature“Groundbreaking. . . . Never before has a ‘map of the criminal mind’ been written about so convincingly. . . . Raine offers us the most compelling look to date at the connection between human genetics and human acts of violence. . . . The Anatomy of Violence will convince even the most skeptical that there is a genetic or biological cause for the violence exhibited by psychopaths across all cultures. . . . The Anatomy of Violence is an astonishingly accessible account of all the major elements—environmental, social, biochemical, psychological, and neurological—related to crime and human violence, leading us to the conclusion that yes, some people are natural born killers.”—New York Journal of Books“An extremely informative, thoughtful and illuminating book . . . a tour de force.” —David P Farrington, Psychological Medicine“Fascinating. . . . The message that ought to be taken from this book is that criminality should be seen as a public health problem. Excellent child nutrition, strict controls on the use of heavy metals, classes in parenting and extra learning support for children and parents from difficult backgrounds. . . . Raine’s book represents a compelling argument that they are not optional extras, boom-time luxuries, but measures that have the potential to save countless billions, and countless lives.”—The New Statesman“A passionately argued, well-written, and fascinating take on the biology of violence and its legal and ethical implications.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review)“Compelling research. . . . Although the topic will certainly continue to provoke controversy, Raine offers a highly accessible look at the latest research on the biology behind criminal behavior.”—Booklist“An exhaustive, unvarnished survey of what is known about the neurobiological correlates of physical violence. It is deeply informative and it makes for disquieting reading. It wisely refrains from claiming a single cause for the problem or advocating a single solution. It is an indispensable reference.”—Antonio Damasio, author of Descartes’ Error and Self Comes to Mind"Important. . . . A thorough yet sparkling, erudite but beautifully written account. . . . Raine discusses complex scientific and ethical issues and illustrates them by drawing on a series of famous, sometimes unsettling case studies, thereby making scientific knowledge more accessible to a wide audience. What emerges is a rich picture of the complexities of human violence. The book is gripping from start to finish."—Stephanie van Goozen, Professor of Psychology, Cardiff University“[The Anatomy of Violence] is not only for students of this topic, but for any inquiring mind. It is just simply captivating, both emotionally and intellectually.”—Diana Fishbein, Ph.D., Senior Fellow and Scientist, Transdisciplinary Science and Translational Prevention Program, RTI International“Indispensable. . . . A highly readable, often gripping account of how our biology affects our violence. The book’s great success is that it makes how we learned about crime and the brain as exciting as what we have learned. If we take this book seriously, criminology can move much closer to solving some of the biggest mysteries we face.” —Lawrence W. Sherman, Wolfson Professor of Criminology, Director, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge “At once highly educational and surprisingly entertaining. . . . An easy, highly enjoyable, and richly rewarding read. The significant social, biological, and legal aspects of violent behavior make it a virtual minefield of sensitive and controversial issues.”—Joe P. Newman, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison “A great read. . . . This is a book that will make you reflect on how you personally and society more generally views and responds to antisocial behavior. Is it time to think of violence as a disease, where rehabilitation takes precedence over punishment, and where prevention may be the only real cure? Read the book, and then you be the judge.”—Mark S. Frankel, Ph.D., Director, Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights and Law Program, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) “Courageous, brilliant, and provocative. . . . Based on the latest scientific evidence Raine poses the fundamental question, Where does society draw the line between the effects of nature and nurture on brain function?”—Larry W. Swanson, Ph.D., University Professor and Appleman Professor of Biological Sciences, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Southern California“With The Anatomy of Violence, Raine brings the full force of his pioneering research, clear-eyed analysis, and sound policy prescriptions to our violence problem in America. Get ready for a tour de force in science, and one hell of a gripping read!”—Brandon C. Welsh, professor of criminology, Northeastern University, author of Saving Children from a Life of Crime "Anytime I need to know anything about the biology of crime, I go straight away to Adrian Raine. . . . Indispensable reading for students, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers."—Terrie Moffitt, professor, Duke University and King's College London
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About the Author
Adrian Raine is the Richard Perry University Professor of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, and a leading authority on the biology of violence. After leaving secondary school to become an airline accountant, he abandoned his financial career and spent four years as a prison psychologist to understand why some individuals become violent psychopaths while others do not.
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Product details
Paperback: 496 pages
Publisher: Vintage; Reprint edition (February 11, 2014)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0307475611
ISBN-13: 978-0307475619
Product Dimensions:
5.2 x 1 x 8 inches
Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.3 out of 5 stars
162 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#150,870 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Professor Raine is not to be trusted. He seems to have an agenda which makes him avoid some issues and to distort other issues. He botches some topics so badly it's difficult to see how he can be innocent of purposeful deception.You can get a hint of his approach by simply looking in the index. Look up race. No entries. There is an entry for racism (he's against it) but not race itself. Apparently professor Raine hasn't noticed that the incidence of violent criminal acts varies by race. Whites commit a moderate amount of violent crime. Blacks a great deal more and Easts Asians hardly any. But he doesn't seem to think this well known pattern requires any comment in a nook on violent crime.I daresay there is probably no person in the United States who would not expect to see at least something on the issue of black violence in such a book. It's a very odd omission. It's as if in a book on the history of flight you ignored the Wright Brothers. Or a book on relativity but no mention of Einstein. Is this where academic criminology is today?On page 55 he writes in regard to the MAOA (warrior gene) - "While the base rate of the low-MAOA gene in Caucasian males and 56 percent in the Maori. it is 77 percent in Chinese males. yet the homicide rate in China is about 2.1 per 100,000." He then goes on to ridicule the idea that this gene which is so high in the Chinese when their violence rate is so low.There are two possibilities: Dr. Raine could be just confused and ignorant of how MAOA works or alternately he realizes how it works but he chooses to lie to the readership.MAOA deactivates the amine neurotransmitters. So if you make more of it you will have less circulating dopamine, serotonin etc. The gene is composed of a number of repeats. Those who have more repeats will there fore have less circulating neurotransmitters. Those with a low number of repeats will have more and be more violent. Raine cites the statistics by race for those with the 3R configuration and indeed there are not many differences among the races for three repeats. but the differences for two repeats (2R) are very large. African;s are at 5.5% for two repeats , Caucasians at only 0.1% and Asians at 0.00067%.Raine gives the statistics at the wrong number of repeats. Understood properly there is no data interpretation problem, Blacks have a very high hate of predicted violence, Caucasians a moderate rate and Asian males - hardly any violence at all.You can look it up. Raine makes an invalid argument either by mistake or by design.
Do murderers, psychopaths and criminal offenders have different brains than normal people? Famous neuroscientist, psychologist and criminologist Adrian Raine provides the answer to this question and so much more in his book The Anatomy of Violence. In it he provides plenty of detailed information ranging from short life stories of psychopaths like Randy Kraft and Jane Toppan to research from around the world as well as a bit of his own work. Engaging and at times sprinkled with a bit of humor, Raine hopes to convince the skeptical reader that both biological and environmental influences have an important role in the shaping of a violent offender’s brain. While the book isn’t split into any obvious sections, you can essentially split the books by the topics that he covers. The topics that he covers are as followed: The genetic basis to crime, The neuroanatomy of violence, The environmental factors that play a role, and the possible solutions and ethical problems that this imposes. The first topic that Raine focuses on is how crimes like cheating, stealing, homicides and others can be seen from an evolutionary perspective. According to Raine these acts of antisocial behavior are cheating strategies that people use in order to promote their own genes within the genetic pool. Men for example, have evolved to use physical aggression to increase gene fitness and receive the parental investment for their offspring that women offer. Likewise women have evolved to use more subtle forms of violence like gossip in order to drive off potential rivals and lower the chances of losing the protection men provide for them and their offspring. The offspring themselves in turn can inherit certain aspects from their parents that can give them higher chances of becoming violent offenders later in the future. Raine then points out some potential culprits like a defective MAOA gene which can cause loss of impulse control and attention. Another culprit Raine mentions are low levels of serotonin and dopamine. Raine does warn, however, against the overestimation the role of inheritance plays. The second major topic that Raine covers is how the brain of a violent offender functions very differently from a normal person’s brain. He points out that the prefrontal cortex (area associated with cognitive functioning) is less active in murderers when compared to non-murderers. This impairment is what causes offenders to be more aggressive, and less able to control their emotions as well as being less capable at intellectual tasks. Having lower intellectual abilities result in factors that predispose them to the criminal way of life (failing school etc.). Surprisingly Raine also discovers that multiple time murderers (serial killers) don’t have this impairment but rather contain impairments to other areas to the brain. These impairments may be a dysfunctional amygdala and or other limbic regions which in turn cause the individual to be unable to empathize emotionally with their victims. This is why some psychopaths can act so cold and emotionless when committing their devious acts. Raine makes this fact even more convincing by using example of psychopaths like Jane Toppan who committed her acts of murder for personal delight. Raine also mentions how physical abnormalities in the brain are also responsible for violent offenders. By providing images of brains, he points out how physical abnormalities can cause people to have higher chances of developing psychopathic tendencies. One such abnormality is cavum septum pelluciden (CPS), a condition in which the limbic structures do not develop normally. This abnormality is seen to be more prevalent in people with criminal records. Another example he uses to further illustrate this point is the good old Phineas Gage incident. He explains that when the rod pierced the man’s head, it caused him to become impulsive, violent and much different than what he used to be. As if this wasn’t enough, Raine then proceeds to give even more examples of violent individuals who have had some sort of physical abnormality through an accident or since child birth.His third topic moves away from the brain for a bit and instead targets some abnormalities found in the automatic nervous system. Here he shows how something as simple as a low heart rate can be an indicator of antisocial behavior. Those with low resting heart rates are thought to be more fearless and do not receive the same amount of arousal than those with more normal heart rates. This causes these individuals to be more prone to committing antisocial acts because not only are they not afraid of the consequences but they also want the same level of stimulation that we get from watching TV or listening to music. Unfortunately they do not receive the same arousal from these mundane acts as we do so they turn to more stimulating albeit questionable acts.After moving through the biological perspective, Raine begins to talk about the environmental factors (combined with biological ones) that play a role in violent offenders. Things such as birth complications and disruption of the developing brain are a few of the things he mentions that can cause individuals to be violent after birth. Another environmental factor he mentions that can have an effect is your diet. Based on a study that was done, Raine shows that those with malnutrition tend to be more aggressive and hyperactive. Another more interesting fact is that fish is a component that helps reduce aggressiveness due to the omega 3 oil that they contain. He does try to make it known however, that both environmental and biological factors are intertwined and work together.The final topic that Raine mentions in the book is probably the most though-provoking one. In this section he makes you brings together all the information that was presented and then proposes a solution to crime. The idea that is proposed is a program set in the near future called LOMBROSO. This program would require males ages 18 and over to have their brains scanned. Those who are seen to have high chances of becoming offenders are sent to a ‘home away from home’ to go through programs to lower these chances. However he then asks if the way this would work is ethical. He delves deeper into this question by providing examples that question your moral core.The most enjoyable part of the book for me was the idea that Raine proposes at the end. The idea of forcing people to follow through programs based on their chances of becoming offenders seems too much. It seems more like the program splits humanity into categories. Those who pass the program are clean and those who don’t are weeds. This is seen more prevalent since those ‘weeds’ would live separately from society until they are in an way ‘cured’. This part of the book really got me thinking about just how far should we go in order to better society and humanity.If you are interested in a book about neuro-criminology or simply something that will get your grey matter excited then I highly recommend you getting this book. Raine does a very good job convincing you that violence has biological and sociological roots by providing numerous studies and examples. In fact the only small negative aspect of the book is that at times the information that has been presented is too much! However the writing style of Adrian Raine keeps you reading until the very end.After finishing the book I would give it a solid 5 out of 5 stars. This book really sparked my interest in neuro-criminology and the many different routes neuroscience has to offer. My attention never faded because the evidence provided was very convincing and at times quite mind blowing. All in all this book was a very enjoyable read.
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